The other day I was supposed to take an ICE, which was canceled, and all the next ones as well for that day. So they had replacement buses. 4 per train… which means that when i arrived at 11.30 for my “train-bus” replacement, the 4 buses that left were from the 9.30 slot. By the time the buses for the 10.30 slot arrived, there were people from the 12.30 train there. You can imagine I gave up and did not go.

Spain’s independent fiscal authority (AIReF) estimates that in 2017 non‑European immigrants had a positive net annual fiscal contribution of about €4,200, mainly because they’re younger and draw fewer pensions in the short run.

Also, the ‘half a million’ you mention is being discussed as a régularisation, not necessarily 500k new arrivals overnight.

Finally, if you have a source that shows ‘unskilled African immigration is a net tax loss in Spain’ (with definitions and data), share it…

Johiooooo